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Paranoia - Causes, Treatment & When to See a Doctor

What is Paranoia?

Paranoia is an intense feeling of suspicion, fear, or persecution without adequate evidence. Individuals may believe others are threatening, plotting against, or deceiving themโ€”despite contradictory facts. This condition exists on a spectrum: from mild distrust to irrational delusions that severely impact daily functioning. According to the American Psychiatric Association, paranoia often stems Miguel changes in brain chemistry or underlying health conditions rather than rational judgment.

Common Causes

  • Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD): Chronic distrust and suspicion dominate interpersonal relationships (NIH).
  • Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia (particularly paranoid subtype) and delusional disorder.
  • Bipolar Disorder: Paranoia may emerge during manic or depressive episodes (

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Important: The information provided on this page is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor, go to the emergency department, or call 911 immediately.